Therapeutic Immune Approaches to Tackling HPV-Associated Malignancies - - Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause many different types of tumors. Although work at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has greatly facilitated important prevention efforts through vaccines, HPV-associated malignancies are still a frequent cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide; however, the non-self viral antigens that remain in these cancers (i.e., E6 and E7) are very immunogenic.

The NCI Program for Natural Product Discovery - - Unique bioactive molecules from natural sources have contributed significantly to the treatment of cancer.

Myeloid Malignancies in the aspect of translation; from basic molecular biology to clinical application - - The discovery of "split genes" and RNA splicing just celebrated its 45th birthday but recently, large scale sequencing of cancer patients has revealed mutations in the spliceosome across cancer types but mostly enriched in the heterogenous collection of diseases known as myeloid malignancies.

Use of Selumetinib to Treat Neurofibromatosis - - Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disorder (1:3,000) characterized by a variety of progressive manifestations including the development of tumors called plexiform neurofibromas (PNs), many of which occur in very young children.

Immunotoxins for Cancer Therapy - - With the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the immunotoxin moxetumomab pasudotox (Lumoxiti) for treatment of drug-resistant hairy cell leukemia (HCL).

T-Cell Receptor Gene Therapy for Epithelial Cancer - - T-cell receptor (TCR) gene therapy is an emerging class of cancer treatment that is based on the infusion of autologous T cells genetically engineered to express a tumor antigen-targeting TCR.

The Therapeutic Challenge of Brain Metastases of Breast Cancer - - Brain or Central Nervous System (CNS) metastases of breast cancer have become more prevlent as systemic therapies improved. For breast cancer patients whose tumor overexpresses the HER2 oncogene, 37% of metastatic patients develop brain metastases, often when they are responding to therpay or have stable systemic disease.

The Highjacking of Topoisomerases by Anticancer Drugs - - Topoisomerases exist in all forms of life where long DNA and RNA polymers are susceptible to get tangled and need to be tightly packaged, accessible in interphase, and separated during mitosis.

The RAS Initiative - The RAS family of oncogenes were the first oncogenes identified in human cancer cell DNA in 1981. Activating mutations in RAS genes, in particular KRAS, are observed in about 35 percent of lung adenocarcinomas and more than 90 percent of pancreatic cancers.

Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice (NCI-Match): A Novel Clinical Trial - The goal of NCI-MATCH is to provide clinical evidence that a drug targeting a particular molecular profile may also be effective in the treatment of more than one tumor type.

A Precision Medicine Research Strategy - To Integrate a Taxonomic Classification of Cancer and Translate it into the Clinic. The concept that developed, that of Precision Medicine, includes four basic premises; Information Commons, Knowledge Network, Taxonomic Classifiers, and Precision Medicine.

Molecular Diagnosis of Lymphoid Malignancies - Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphona is iagnosed in more than 20,000 individuals per year in the United States.

Deciphering the Complexity of Drug Resistance in Cancer - Cellular and molecular approaches to the study of multidrug resistance in cancer.

Personalized Immunotherapy - Identify the Cancer Antigen and Create the Anti-Tumor T Cell

Glioblastoma-Derived Tumor Stem Cells - The generation of tumor stem cell-derived neurospheres from patient-derived glioblastoma tissue.

Interleukin-15 in the Life and Death of Lymphocytes: A Target for Cancer Therapy and Vaccine Design - The structure of IL-15; A model of IL-15 receptor alpha chain (IL-15Rα) presentation of IL-15 in trans to neighboring NK and CD8+ T cells.

Identifying Interleukin-7 As a Master Regulator of T Cell Homeostasis: Clinical Implications and New Therapeutic Opportunities - Protein Data Bank Model of IL-7 Engaging the IL7R on the surface of a T cell.

The Genetic Basis of Kidney Cancer Opportunities for Disease-Specific Targeted Therapy - The genes associated with the development of cancer of the kidney have in common their interaction with pathways that control oxygen and nutrient sensing.

A Vaccine to Prevent Cervical Cancer and Other Diseases Caused by HPV Infection - 1. Authentic bovine papillomavirus virions; 2. Bovine papillomavirus-like particles; 3. Human papillomavirus-like particles; 4. 3-D reconstruction of cryo-electron micrograph of authentic papillomavirus virion (blue) coated with neutralizing antibody (red).

Molecular Imaging for Cancer - Two different types of molecular imaging techniques applied to cancer detection: positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) fusion imaging; magnetic resonance images (MRI) using a superparamagentic imaging agent [monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticle (MION)]

Chemical Genetics and New Treatments for Cancer - Results of screening small molecules in the cytoblot assay for their ability to cause hyperacetylation of tubulin (left) and histone (right) proteins in lung epithelial cells.

Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer - Photomicrographs of lymph node biopsies from two patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Immunotoxin Therapy of Hairy Cell Leukemia With BL22