References

1. President’s Cancer Panel. Cancer Care Issues in the United States: Quality of Care, Quality of Life, National Cancer Institute, 1999.

2. Freeman, H.P., Chairman, and Reuben, S.H., Ed. The National Cancer Program: Assessing the Past, Charting the Future, President’s Cancer Panel, National Cancer Institute, 2000.

3. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures, American Cancer Society, 2001.

4. President’s Cancer Panel. Cancer and the aging population: meeting summary, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, July 31, 1997.

5. American Cancer Society. Cancer in Children Resource Center. At: http://www.cancer.org.

6. Howe, H.L., Wingo, P.A., et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer (1973 through 1998), featuring cancers with recent increasing trends, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2001;93:824–42.

7. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2000 with Adolescent Chartbook, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, DHHS, 2000.

8. Warnecke, R. and Kaye, J. Summary of Meeting on Underserved, February 8–9, 2000, Special Populations Working Group, March 2, 2000.

9. Grumbach, K., Osmond, D., et al. Primary care physicians’ experience of financial incentives in managed-care systems, New England Journal of Medicine. 1998;339:1516-21.

10. Shearer, G. The Health Care Divide: Unfair Financial Burdens, Consumers Union, 2000.

11. Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986, P.L. 99-272.

12. Kass, B.L., Weinick, R.M., Monheit, A.C. Racial and ethnic differences in health 1996: MEPS Chartbook No. 2, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

13. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2000 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, AHRQ 2001. At: http://www.ahrq.gov.

14. Findlay, S. and Miller, J. Down a Dangerous Path: The Erosion of Health Insurance Coverage in the United States, National Coalition on Health Care, 1999. At:
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15. Brown, E. R. Public Policies to Extend Health Care Coverage. In: Changing the U. S. Health Care System: Key Issues in Health Services Policy and Management, second edition, Jossey-Bass, 2001.

16. Andersen, R.M., Davidson, P.L. Improving Access to Care in America: Individual and Contextual Indicators. In: Changing the U. S. Health Care System: Key Issues in Health Services Policy and Management, second edition, Jossey-Bass, 2001.

17. Monheit, A.C., Vistnes, J., and Eisenberg, J.M. Moving to Medicare: Trends in health insurance status of near-elderly workers, 1987-1996, Health Affairs. 2001;March/April.

18. U.S. Department of Labor. Futurework: Trends and Challenges for Work in the 21st Century, 1999.

19. Findlay, S. and Miller, J., op.cit.

20. Brown, E. R., op.cit.

21. Ibid.

22. Hodgson, D.C., Fuchs, C.S., Ayanian, J.Z. Impact of patient and provider characteristics on the treatment and outcomes of colorectal cancer, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2001;93:501-15.

23. Bach, P.B., et al. Racial differences in the treatment of early-stage lung cancer, New England Journal of Medicine. 1999;341:1198-1205.

24. Breen, N., et al. The relationship of socioeconomic status and access to minimum expected therapy among female breast cancer patients in the National Cancer Institute Black-White Cancer Survival Study, Ethnicity and Disease. 1999;9(1):111-25.

25. Liu, L. and Cozen, W. Changing relationship between socioeconomic status and prostate cancer incidence, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2001;93:705-9.

26. Barton, M.B., Moore, S., et al. The relation of household income to mammography utilization in a prepaid health care system, Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2001;16:200-7.

27. Todd, K.H., et al. Ethnicity as a risk factor for inadequate emergency department analgesia, Journal of the American Medical Association. 1993;269:1537-9.

28. Morrison, R.S., Wallenstein, S., et al. “We don’t carry that”—failure of pharmacies in predominantly nonwhite neighborhoods to stock opioid analgesics, New England Journal of Medicine. 2000;342:1023-6.

29. Chen, J., Rathore, S.S., et al. Racial differences in the use of cardiac catheterization after acute myocardial infarction, New England Journal of Medicine. 2001;344:1443-9.

30. Lowe, R.A., et al. Effect of ethnicity on denial of authorization for emergency department care by managed care gatekeepers, Academic Emergency Medicine. 2001;8:259-66.

31. Ross, H. Office of Minority Health publishes final standards for cultural and linguistic competence, Closing the Gap, Office of Minority Health, DHHS, February/March 2001.

32. Harold P. Freeman, M.D., Chairman of the President’s Cancer Panel, was also appointed Director, NCI Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities on September 24, 2000.

33. President’s Cancer Panel. Cancer Care Issues in the United States: Quality of Care, Quality of Life, op.cit.

34. Hewitt, M. and Simone, J.V., Eds. Ensuring Quality Cancer Care, National Cancer Policy Board, Institute of Medicine and Commission of Life Sciences, National Research Council, National Academy Press, 1999.

35. Foley, K.M. and Gelband, H., Eds. Improving Palliative Care for Cancer: Summary and Recommendations, National Cancer Policy Board, Institute of Medicine and National Research Council, National Academy Press, 2001.

36. Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century, Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press, 2001.

37. Haynes, M.A. and Smedley, B.C., Eds. The Unequal Burden of Cancer, Committee on Cancer Research Among Minorities and the Medically Underserved, Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press, 1999.

38. Field, M. J. and Cassel, C.K., Eds. Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life, Committee on Care at the End of Life, Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press, 1997.

39. Subcommittee to Evaluate the National Cancer Program, National Cancer Advisory Board. Cancer at a Crossroads: A Report to Congress for the Nation, National Cancer Institute, 1994.

40. McGlynn, E.A. and Brook, R.H. Keeping quality on the policy agenda, Health Affairs. 2001;20:82-90.

41. American Cancer Society. Cancer and the Poor: A Report to the Nation, American Cancer Society, 1989.

42. Clark, E. J., Stovall, E. L., et al. Imperatives for Quality Cancer Care: Access, Advocacy, Action and Accountability, National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship, 1996.

43. American Society of Clinical Oncology. First large-scale study on quality cancer care launched: press release, ASCO, January 20, 2000. At: http://www.asco.org/people/nr/html/genpr/m_0100qualitypr.htm.

44. Detailed summaries of the testimony and town hall proceedings from all seven regional meetings are available at: http://deainfo.nci.nih.gov/ADVISORY/pcp/minsmenu.htm

45. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-191) has improved the ability of some insured persons with health conditions to change jobs and retain health coverage for pre-existing conditions if individuals can document continuous “creditable coverage.” However, those with a break in coverage of 61 days or longer are subject to a waiting period of up to one year for coverage of pre-existing conditions. In addition, the Act has other significant limitations; most importantly, it does nothing to ensure the affordability of health insurance or to provide coverage to the uninsured.

46. U.S. Census Bureau. Census 2000, Table DP-1.

47. Ricketts, T., Savitz, L., et al. Geographic Methods for Health Services Research: A Focus on the Rural-Urban Continuum, University Press of America, 1994.

48. Lazovich, D., Solomon, C.C., et al. Breast conservation therapy in the United States following the 1990 National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on the treatment of patients with early stage invasive breast carcinoma, Cancer. 1999;86:628-37.

49. Passik, S.D., Donaghy, K.B., et al. Oncology staff recognition of depressive symptoms on videotaped interviews of depressed cancer patients: implications for designing a training program, Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2000;19:329-38.

50. McDonald, M.V., Passik, S. D., et al. Nurses’ recognition of depression in their patients with cancer, Oncology Nursing Forum. 1999;26:593-9.

51. Bennett, C.L., Ferriera, M.R., et al. Relation between literacy, race, and stage of presentation among low-income patients with prostate cancer, Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1998;16:3101-4.

52. National Cancer Institute. SEER Expansion: Press Release. At: http://surveillance.cancer.gov/expansion.html.

53. Hofstede, G. Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, McGraw-Hill, 1991.

54. Daye, D.D. A Law Enforcement Sourcebook of Asian Crime and Cultures: Tactics and Mindsets, CRC Press, 1997.

55. President’s Cancer Panel. The Meaning of Race in Science—Considerations for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 1998.

56. Roberts, L.W., Battaglia, J., et al. Health care dilemmas in small communities, The Hastings Center Report. 1999.

57. Kagawa-Singer, M., Wellisch, D.K., Durvasula, R. Impact of breast cancer on Asian American and Anglo American women, Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry. 1997;21:449-80.

58. Blackhall, L.J., Murphy, S.T., et al. Ethnicity and attitudes toward patient autonomy, Journal of the American Medical Association. 1995;274:820-5.