Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause most cases of cervical cancer and large proportions of vaginal, vulvar, anal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers. HPV also causes genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. HPV vaccines could dramatically reduce the incidence of HPV-associated cancers and other conditions among both females and males, but uptake of the vaccines has fallen short of target levels. The President's Cancer Panel finds underuse of HPV vaccines a serious but correctable threat to progress against cancer. In this report, the Panel presents four goals to increase HPV vaccine uptake: three of these focus on the United States and the fourth addresses ways the United States can help to increase global uptake of the vaccines. Several high-priority research questions related to HPV and HPV vaccines also are identified.

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